汽车主要设计参数对于操纵稳定性影响的灵敏度分析及优化

　　随着汽车工业的发展，现代汽车行驶速度越来越高。汽车的操纵稳定性越来越受到关注，直接影响到交通安全，是汽车的主要性能之一，其研究日益受到重视。

　　本文在熟悉汽车操纵稳定性基本理论的基础上，分析影响汽车操纵稳定性的原因。影响汽车操纵稳定性的主要原因是在行驶系、转向系及制动系等方面。对操稳性影响较大的主要有6个参数：重心位置、车轮侧偏刚度、转向系刚度、转向系传动比、后轴侧倾转向系数及整车绕垂直轴的转动惯量。

传统的汽车操纵性基本理论，是以线性二自由度汽车模型为理论基础的。现有文献在应用该模型建立运动微分方程并推导稳态横摆角速度增益公式做了许多假定、忽略或简化，有很多不足。本文通过构建新的汽车转向稳态模型，并进行动力学分析，寻求汽车转向灵敏度与汽车主要设计参数的函数关系。在此基础上，分析设计参数的匹配变化对汽车转向灵敏度的影响进而寻求主要设计参数的优化匹配关系。本文说明了该模型的广泛适用性。以某不足转向汽车模型的有关参数为例，仿真计算比较了应用两种模型时该轿车等速圆周行驶时的稳态响应状况，验证了广义模型的正确性，得到了有别于传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的重要结论。

关键词 广义模型；稳态响应；汽车操纵稳定性

Main Design Parameter of Automobile for Manipulate the Intelligent Degree of the Stability Influence Analytical and Excellent Turn

With the development of the automobile industry, the speed of modern cars increases. More and more attention is being paid to vehicle handling and stability performance, which affects traffic safety directly. Vehicle handling and stability performance is one of the automobile main performances. Its research is emphasized increasingly.

On the basis of being familiar with the vehicle handling and stability performance basic theory, analyze the factors impacting the vehicle handling and stability performance. The main reason is on running gear, steering system and braking systems, and so on. There are six major parameters impacting vehicle handling and stability performance: the cg location, the rigidity of tyre side list, the rigidity of steering system, the steering system transmission ratio, the rear axle roll steering coefficient and the entire vehicle circling the vertical axis the rotating inertia. The traditional vehicle handling and stability performance elementary theory, is take the 2-degrees-of-freedom vehicle model as the rationale. When applying this model to build movement differential equation and deduce the stable oscillation angular velocity gain formula, existing literature has made many hypotheses, neglection or simplification, which have many insufficiencies. This article through constructing the new automotive steering stable model and carrying on dynamics analysis, seeks the automotive steering sensitivity and the automobile main design variable functional relationship. In this foundation, analyze the influence of design parameters matching variety sensitivity impacting on the automotive steering sensitivity then seeks the optimized match relations of the main design variable. This article illustrates the broad ap